Teratogenic drugs and medicines during pregnancy
Some drugs may cause birth defects in a developing fetus, including:
- ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors
- Angiotensin II antagonists
- Isotretinoin (an acne drug)
- alcohol
- high doses of vitamin A
- lithium
- male hormones
- some antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ........, ,.............)
- some anticonvulsant medications
- some cancer-fighting medications
- some drugs that treat certain rheumatic conditions
- some thyroid medications
- Thalidomide
- the blood-thinning drug warfarin
- the hormone diethylstilbestrol (DES).
- Cocaine
- Cannabis
- Amphetamines
teratogenic agents usually kill the embryo or have no effect.
-During the organogenesis period (3rd – 8th weeks),
teratogenic agents disrupt development and may cause major congenital anomalies.
- During the fetal period (9th week – 9th month)
teratogens may produce morphological and functional abnormalities, particularly of the brain and eyes
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